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You must see cross-examination in terms of its role in the adversary system. Therefore, the first task is not to learn some rules about how to do it. The first task is to go back to the basic idea: what are the purposes of cross-examination. Then, you can build an outline for the cross-examination of every witness.

• The Only Four Things About Which You Can Cross-Examine

• Meaning

• Perception

• Memory

• Veracity

• Irving Younger’s Ten Commandments and the Pleasures of Violating Them

• Some Examples of Cross-Examinations – Applying the Principles